If you’re serious about watches – whether buying, selling or collecting – understanding what powers them is essential. At the heart of every watch lies its movement, the mechanism that keeps everything running. But not all movements are made the same. Some are crafted entirely inhouse by the watch brand. Others are built by external specialists and then fitted into the watch.
So, what’s the real difference between inhouse and outsourced movements? Why does it matter? And how should it affect your decisions as a collector or seller? This guide will walk you through everything you need to know.
If you’re wondering what to look for when buying or selling a timepiece, this detail might just change your perspective.
What Is a Movement in a Watch?
Let’s start with the basics. A movement is the internal mechanism that makes a watch function. It’s often called the “engine” of the watch, and it’s responsible for powering the hands, keeping time, and running any added features like a date window or stopwatch.
There are three main types of movements:
- Mechanical movements, which require manual winding.
- Automatic movements, which wind themselves using the motion of your wrist.
- Quartz movements, which are powered by a battery and known for their accuracy.
But regardless of how they function, the movement has to come from somewhere. That’s where the inhouse vs outsourced distinction comes into play.
What Are Inhouse Movements?
An inhouse movement is designed, developed, and built by the same brand that makes the watch. This means the brand controls every step—from the initial sketches to the finished product installed inside the watch case.
Brands that produce inhouse movements often invest heavily in research, technology, and skilled craftsmanship. For some, it’s a matter of pride and prestige. For others, it’s about maintaining full control over quality and innovation.
Watchmakers like Rolex, Patek Philippe, F.P. Journe, and Vacheron Constantin are well known for developing many of their own calibres. They often go as far as creating every single component internally.
Why Do Brands Make Inhouse Movements?
There are several key reasons:
- Control: With everything done under one roof, brands can guarantee higher consistency and quality control.
- Innovation: Inhouse production allows brands to create unique features that aren’t available anywhere else.
- Prestige: For serious collectors, an inhouse movement often adds to a watch’s desirability and value.
- Brand identity: It helps the watchmaker create something that reflects their signature craftsmanship.
Advantages of Inhouse Movements
Exclusivity is one of the most attractive aspects. Since the movement is made specifically by and for the brand, you’re getting something that’s genuinely bespoke. You won’t find the same movement ticking away inside a dozen other watches.
Another benefit is the level of craftsmanship involved. Inhouse movements often feature finely decorated components, hand-finishing techniques, and innovative engineering that push the boundaries of what a mechanical watch can do.
In terms of resale, watches with inhouse movements are often perceived to have higher value, particularly among seasoned collectors. That’s because of the added complexity, effort, and heritage built into the mechanism.
Challenges with Inhouse Movements
There are trade-offs too. Watches with inhouse movements are typically more expensive. That’s because the development costs are high, and the production process is often more labour-intensive.
Another consideration is servicing. Repairs may need to be done by the brand itself, which can be both time-consuming and costly. Not every watchmaker is trained or authorised to work on these movements, especially if the brand has kept the inner workings under tight wraps.
Also, inhouse doesn’t always mean better. Some inhouse movements have experienced reliability issues, especially in early generations. So, while the label sounds prestigious, it’s worth looking into the performance track record of a specific movement before deciding it’s the better choice.
What Are Outsourced Movements?
Outsourced movements—sometimes called third-party or supplier movements—are created by specialist movement manufacturers. These companies supply watch movements to a wide range of brands, from entry-level to high-end.
Rather than producing their own movements, a watch brand will purchase these ready-made or semi-finished calibres, often customising them slightly before installation.
Famous movement suppliers include ETA, Sellita, and Valjoux, all of which have decades of experience and a strong reputation for reliability.
Why Do Brands Use Outsourced Movements?
There are good reasons for this route:
- Cost-efficiency: Designing a movement from scratch is expensive. Buying from a supplier helps keep prices down
- Proven reliability: Many outsourced movements have been in use for years and are known to be dependable.
- Faster production: Brands can bring new models to market more quickly by using off-the-shelf components.
- Scalability: It allows brands to produce watches in larger volumes without compromising on function.
It’s worth noting that even respected watchmakers like Panerai, Cartier, and Omega have used outsourced movements at times, especially for older or entry-level models.
Benefits of Outsourced Movements
If you’re looking for value and reliability, outsourced movements are often a smart choice. They’ve been tried and tested, with proven accuracy and fewer surprises when it comes to servicing.
Another benefit is ease of repair. Since many watchmakers are already trained to handle ETA or Sellita movements, getting your watch serviced becomes quicker, easier, and often cheaper.
Outsourced movements also help bring affordable luxury to the market. You can get a beautifully designed watch from a reputable brand without the added cost of a bespoke inhouse calibre.
What to Watch Out For
The downside is that these movements are not unique. You might find the same movement in watches from multiple brands, which can affect how exclusive the timepiece feels.
Some collectors also view outsourced movements as less prestigious, particularly when used by high-end brands that market themselves as leaders in craftsmanship.
Additionally, these movements are often modified only slightly, so while the case or dial may be unique, the engine underneath may not be.
Why This Difference Matters to You
If you’re buying a luxury watch as an investment—or selling one you already own—the type of movement can impact the value and market appeal.
When Selling a Watch
Watches with inhouse movements, especially from brands like Patek Philippe, Richard Mille, or Rolex, may command higher offers, especially if the movement is in good condition and has been well cared for.
However, that doesn’t mean outsourced movements are overlooked. If your watch is from a respected brand and has a reliable third-party movement in excellent condition, it can still be highly desirable, especially among first-time buyers or those seeking value over rarity.
When Buying a Watch
Think about your priorities.
If you’re buying as a collector or enthusiast who values exclusivity and craftsmanship, then a watch with an inhouse movement may be more appealing. You’re getting something that showcases a brand’s full capabilities and reflects a high level of artistry.
If, on the other hand, you’re looking for a reliable, well-built watch that delivers solid performance and won’t break the bank in servicing costs, an outsourced movement is a practical and smart option.
Either way, knowing what’s inside the case gives you more control over the value you’re getting for your money.
Let the Movement Guide You
Choosing between an inhouse or outsourced movement isn’t about right or wrong—it’s about understanding your goals. Are you buying a piece of horological art or looking for practical everyday value? Are you hoping to sell at a premium, or simply move on from a timepiece you no longer wear?
When you know what’s ticking inside the case, you’re in a stronger position to make smart, confident choices.
